Grades 11, 12
Economics
Generate resourceCivics, Government and Society
Generate resourcePhysical and Cultural Geography
Generate resourceHistory
Generate resourceConducting Research
Generate resourceResearch Plan
Generate resourceHypothesis/Research Statement
Generate resourceSocial and Historical Questioning
Generate resourceInquiry
Generate resourceAsking focusing, probing, and significant research questions that incorporate ideas and concepts of personal, community, or global relevance and could lead to answers which allow students to become participants in solutions (e.g., Does my purchasing behavior affect child labor practices in the developing world?).
Generate resourcePredicting results, proposing choices about possible actions, or interpreting relationships between facts and/or concepts.
Generate resourceDetermining ways research plan can be applied to other areas (e.g., to future career goals)
Generate resourceDetermining the best ways to present their data PowerPoint, hypercard, report, graph, etc.).
Generate resourceIdentifying tools and procedures needed for collecting, managing, and analyzing data, including a plan for citing sources (e.g., establishing a time line or schedule for research, independently identifying places to find sources).
Generate resourceEstablishing criteria for the quality and quantity of information needed, including primary and secondary sources.
Generate resource<ul><li>Referring to and following a detailed plan for a complex inquiry (e.g., conduct an inquiry into the several causes of WWI). </li> <li>Locating relevant materials such as print, electronic, and human resources.</li> <li>Applying criteria from the plan to analyze the quality and quantity of and corroborate the information gathered (e.g., judging the accuracy of historical fiction by comparing the characters and events described with accounts in multiple primary and secondary sources).</li> <li>Describing evidence and recording observations using notecards, videotape, tape recorders, journals, or databases.</li> <li>Revising research plan and locating additional materials and/or information, as needed.</li> <li>Citing sources.</li> </ul>
Generate resource<ul><li>Organizing and displaying information in a manner appropriate to the research statement through maps, graphs, charts, tables, narratives, timelines, models, simulations, or dramatizations. </li> <li>Determining the validity and reliability of the document or information in relation to an analysis of the hypothesis.</li> <li>Choosing and using appropriate methods for interpreting information, such as comparing and contrasting, summarizing, illustrating, generalizing, sequencing, synthesizing, analyzing, inferring, deducing, and/or justifying.</li> <li>Revising explanation as necessary based on personal reflection, peer critique, expert opinion, etc.</li></ul>
Generate resource<ul><li>Predicting and/or recommending how conclusions can be applied to other civic, economic or social issues. </li> <li>Using research results to support or refute the original research statement.</li> <li>Proposing solutions to problems based on findings, and asking additional questions.</li> <li>Identifying problems or flaws with the research process and suggesting improvements.</li> <li> Proposing further investigations.</li></ul>
Generate resource<ul><li>Developing and giving presentations for various audiences.</li> <li>Soliciting and responding to feedback.</li> <li>Pointing out possibilities for continued or further research.</li></ul>
Generate resourceStudents show understanding of human interaction with the environment over time by…
Generate resourceStudents examine how different societies address issues of human interdependence by…
Generate resourceStudents examine how access to various institutions affects justice, reward, and power by…
Generate resourceStudents show an understanding of the interaction/interdependence between humans, the environment, and the economy by…
Generate resourceStudents show understanding of the interconnectedness between government and the economy by…
Generate resourceStudents make economic decisions as a consumer, producer, saver, investor, and citizen by…
Generate resourceStudents develop reasonable explanations that support the research statement by…
Generate resourceIdentifying why certain events are considered pivotal and how they cause us to reorder time (e.g., Muhammad's call to prophecy, the collapse of the Soviet Union).
Generate resourceExplaining transitions between eras that occurred over time as well as those that occurred as a result of a pivotal event, and evaluating the effects of these transitions (e.g., What factors led to various democratic revolutions? What have been the long-term effects of these revolutions?).
Generate resourceExplaining why certain key events remain the historic consciousness and others do not (e.g., the role of Pilgrims in 1628).
Generate resourceMaking predictions, decisions, or taking a public stand on a defensible position based on an understanding of the past and present.
Generate resourceUnderstanding a variety of calendars (e.g., Islamic, Jewish, Chinese) and reasons for their organizational structures (e.g., political, historic, religious).
Generate resourceMeasuring and calculating calendar time by days, weeks, months, years, decades, centuries, and millennia.
Generate resourceIdentifying how different cultures organize time according to key historical events (e.g., independence days, commemoration of past).
Generate resourceLocating relevant data for constructing a time line, and constructing time lines of significant historical developments in the nation and world, designating appropriate equidistant intervals of time and recording events according to the order in which they occurred.
Generate resourceAnalyzing and synthesizing similar and dissimilar spatial patterns using geographic resources (e.g., examining levels of AIDS infection in relation to population density and literacy).
Generate resourceUsing a variety of grid systems to locate places on maps and globes (e.g., UTM or Public Land Survey Systems).
Generate resourceIdentifying, utilizing, and evaluating appropriate maps for specific purposes (e.g., choosing resource allocation maps in order to investigate oil distribution).
Generate resourceInterpreting and analyzing a variety of effective representations of the earth such as maps, globes, and photographs and project future changes (e.g., analyzing maps to determine how population density has changed and will change).
Generate resourceAnalyzing how technological and environmental changes impact settlement patterns over time (e.g., using tables and maps to show the distribution of refugees from areas affected by natural disasters).
Generate resourcePredicting areas of the world that will increase in future importance and giving reasons to support this prediction.
Generate resourceLocating the physical, political, and cultural regions the United States and the world; hypothesizing the effects of current trends on these regions (e.g., the dominance of English as an international language).
Generate resourceObserving, comparing, and analyzing patterns of national, and global land use over time (e.g., agriculture, forestry, industry) to understand why particular locations are used for certain human activities; speculating as to which areas might be used in the future and the impact of that usage.
Generate resourceIdentifying characteristics of states, countries, and continents; synthesizing and evaluating characteristics of various areas in relation to a particular variable (e.g., quality of life, economic opportunity, desirability).
Generate resourceUsing information to analyze and evaluate the impact of current voluntary and involuntary migration patterns in the U.S. and world (ex: census data).
Generate resourceAnalyzing multiple factors in the interaction of humans and the environment (e.g., analyzing mediating factors that influence the relationship between population distribution and environmental change).
Generate resourceAnalyzing different viewpoints regarding resource use in the U.S. and world; expressing and supporting one's personal viewpoint (e.g., after debating the causes and/or existence of global warming, expressing one's opinion).
Generate resourceGenerating information related to the impact of human activities on the physical environment in the local, state, national, or global community in order to draw conclusions and recommend actions (e.g., using charts and graphs to analyze the effects of overfishing along the coast of North America or the Philippine archipelago).
Generate resourceDescribing and analyzing how human activity and technology currently impact the environment in the U.S. and world, and speculating the impact in the future if current trends continue.
Generate resourceAnalyzing and evaluating ways in which culture in the United States and the world has changed and may change in the future (e.g., how might the spread of Islam change American culture in the future?).
Generate resourceAnalyzing how location and spatial patterns influence the spread of cultural traits (e.g., comparing clothing, food, religion/values, government, and art across four ancient cultures in relation to location); analyzing the means by which various cultural groups try to retain their cultural identity.
Generate resourceAnalyzing the contributions of various cultural groups to the world, both past and present, including immigrants and native peoples; hypothesizing about the impact of the globalization of culture.
Generate resourceAnalyzing and evaluating the impact of expressions of culture in Vermont, the U.S., and the world through analysis of various modes of expression such as poems, songs, dances, stories, paintings, and photographs (e.g., analyzing the influence of black slave culture on subsequent generations of African Americans).
Generate resourceEstablishing rules and/or policies for a group, school, or community, and defending them (e.g., senior privileges, curfews).
Generate resourceAnalyzing how identity stems from beliefs in and allegiance to shared political values and principles, and how these are similar and different to other peoples (e.g. nation building in regions with disparate cultures).
Generate resourceIllustrating how individuals and groups have brought about change locally, nationally, or internationally (e.g., research the far-reaching effects of Mohandas Ghandi's beliefs and actions).
Generate resourceAnalyzing ways in which political parties, campaigns, and elections encourage and discourage citizens to participate in the political process (e.g., voter registration drives, use of the Internet, negative campaign ads).
Generate resourceExplaining, critically evaluating, and defending views that are not one's own.
Generate resourceExplaining and defending one's own point of view on issues that affect themselves and society, using information gained from reputable sources (e.g. stem cell research, health care issues, federal budget allocations).
Generate resourceIdentifying problems, proposing solutions, considering the effects of and implementing a course of action in the local community, state, nation, or world.
Generate resourceDemonstrating positive interaction with group members (e.g., working with a group to draft legislation).
Generate resourceAnalyzing impacts of people's actions as members of a global community (e.g., the Kyoto Agreement).
Generate resourceDiscussing why people want to become citizens of the U.S. and/or another country (e.g., Why did Americans emigrate to the Soviet Union during the Depression?).
Generate resourceAnalyzing and evaluating the issues related to and criteria for U.S. citizenship, past and present (e.g., analyzing the issues surrounding Japanese citizens during WWII).
Generate resourceAnalyzing and evaluating changes in the interpretation of rights and responsibilities of citizenship over time (e.g., changes in voting age, changes in voting rights for women and African Americans).
Generate resourceDefining and analyzing the process for selecting leaders at state, national and international levels (e.g., analyzing pros and cons of the primary process; debating the necessity of the electoral college).
Generate resourceIdentifying and debating issues surrounding the basic principles of American democracy (e.g., individual rights vs. common good, majority rule vs. protection of minority rights).
Generate resourceComparing and evaluating the basic functions, structures and purposes of governments, both past and present (e.g., democracy vs. dictatorship, internal and external protection).
Generate resourceDescribing how government decisions impact citizens locally, nationally, and internationally.
Generate resourceAnalyzing the principles in key U.S. and international documents and how they apply to their own lives (e.g., Patriot Act, Universal Declaration of Human Rights).
Generate resourceEvaluating how and why rules and laws are created, interpreted, and changed (e.g., evaluating recent decisions by the U.N.).
Generate resourceProposing and defending ways to ease tensions and/or peacefully resolve conflicts (e.g., assimilation/separatism; affirmative action; diplomacy).
Generate resourceExplaining conditions, actions, and motivations that contribute to conflict within and among individuals, communities, and nations (e.g., economic conditions, religious beliefs, political repression).
Generate resourceAnalyzing the effectiveness of behaviors that are intended to foster global cooperation among groups and governments (e.g., League of Nations, nation building, coalition to fight terrorism).
Generate resourceAnalyzing the impact of interdependence among states and nations (e.g., OPEC, NAFTA).
Generate resourceDescribing how diversity contributes to change over time (e.g., how population shifts impact politics, whites becoming a minority in the U.S., interracial marriage).
Generate resourceEvaluating the impact of differences and similarities among people that arise from factors such as cultural, ethnic, racial, economic, and religious diversity, and describe their costs and benefits (e.g., affirmative action).
Generate resourceAfter examining issues from more than one perspective, defining and defending the rights and needs of others in the community, nation, and world (e.g., gay rights, environmental protection, privatization of government).
Generate resourceEvaluating the significance of governmental and nongovernmental international organizations (e.g., World Health Organization, Doctors Without Borders, International Atomic Energy Agency, IMF).
Generate resourceAnalyzing how shared values and beliefs can create or maintain a subculture and/or counterculture (e.g., the Ku Klux Klan, Goths, Hippies).
Generate resourceAnalyzing the impact of a current or historic issue related to human rights, and explaining how the values of the time or place influenced the issue (e.g. Guantanamo, land mines, invasion of Iraq).
Generate resourceAnalyzing points of conflict between different political ideologies (e.g., creation of party platforms).
Generate resourceAnalyzing and evaluating why groups of people or individuals have accessed or were denied justice. (e.g., utilizing contemporary and current primary and secondary sources to determine how perspectives on the Nisei have changed).
Generate resourceDrawing conclusions about how choices within various economic systems affect the environment in the state, nation, and/or world (e.g., mixed, command, and market economies).
Generate resourceExamining how producers in the U.S. and/or world have used natural, human, and capital resources to produce goods and services and comparing and contrasting the findings (e.g., compare the use of the labor supply in different countries).
Generate resourceExplaining patterns and networks of economic interdependence that exist nationally and globally (e.g., currency, stock market, world trade).
Generate resourceRecognizing that world events and the strength of currencies affects services and prices (e.g., September 11, 2001 and its effect on the stock market).
Generate resourceRecognizing that regional economic unions around the world create their own currency for use as money (e.g., the switch from multiple currencies to the Euro).
Generate resourceExplaining the global relationship between taxation and governmental goods and services (e.g., exploring the benefits and tradeoffs of foreign aid).
Generate resourceEvaluating and debating the ideological underpinnings of government and economic programs (e.g., how much welfare should governments provide, and on what bases do various governments make these decisions?).
Generate resourceIdentifying and comparing goods and services provided by local, state, national, and international governmental and/or nongovernmental organizations (e.g., researching and debating socialized medicine vs. private healthcare; investigating the role of the International Monetary Fund).
Generate resourceDemonstrating understanding of patterns and interdependence locally, nationally, and globally that are involved in the production of a product or service (e.g., supply and demand).
Generate resourceAnalyzing the impact of media, time, and place on buying and saving (e.g., advertising, current events).
Generate resourceDeveloping strategies for earning and spending utilizing a system of accounting (e.g., creating a budget).
Generate resourceExamining the causes and long term effects of people's needs and/or wants exceeding their available resources, and proposing possible solutions (e.g., distribution and use of fresh water).
Generate resourceUsing economic terms to analyze and interpret global economic issues and problems (e.g., Should there be debt relief for economically unstable countries?).
Generate resourcePredicting possible outcomes of current world events, and supporting these predictions.
Generate resourceAssessing how lifestyles and values have undergone dramatic changes in the U.S. and world (e.g., comparing life in China under the early imperial dynasties to present -day life, and assessing the degree of similarity and difference).
Generate resourceExplaining historical origins of key ideas and concepts (e.g., Enlightenment, Manifest Destiny, religious and governmental philosophies) and how they are reinterpreted over time.
Generate resourceUsing technology to interpret history (e.g., using technology to access and interpret historical data ).
Generate resourceRecognizing media bias in the interpretation of world events, past and present (e.g., World War II propaganda).
Generate resourceEvaluating the credibility of differing accounts of the same event(s), and recognizing any existing bias in their own writing about historical events (e.g., comparing accounts of an event in history textbook written in the early 1900s to the same account described in a more recent history text).
Generate resourceReading and interpreting historic maps, and evaluating bias in these maps (e.g., size of African on European-made maps).
Generate resourceLocating appropriate primary and secondary sources in order to find evidence to support his or her hypothesis.
Generate resourceGrades 9, 10
Economics
Generate resourceCivics, Government and Society
Generate resourcePhysical and Cultural Geography
Generate resourceHistory
Generate resourceConducting Research
Generate resourceResearch Plan
Generate resourceHypothesis/Research Statement
Generate resourceSocial and Historical Questioning
Generate resourceInquiry
Generate resourceStudents show understanding of human interaction with the environment over time by…
Generate resourceStudents examine how different societies address issues of human interdependence by…
Generate resourceStudents examine how access to various institutions affects justice, reward, and power by…
Generate resourceStudents show an understanding of the interaction/interdependence between humans, the environment, and the economy by…
Generate resourceStudents show understanding of the interconnectedness between government and the economy by…
Generate resourceStudents make economic decisions as a consumer, producer, saver, investor, and citizen by…
Generate resourceStudents develop reasonable explanations that support the research statement by…
Generate resourceAsking focusing, probing, and significant research questions that incorporate ideas and concepts of personal, community, or global relevance (e.g., How will recent changes in the global economy affect my community and me?).
Generate resourcePredicting results, proposing a choice about a possible action, or interpreting relationships between facts and/or concepts.
Generate resourceDetermining the best ways to present their data (e.g., PowerPoint, hypercard, report, graph, etc.).
Generate resourceIdentifying tools and procedures needed for collecting, managing, and analyzing information, including a plan for citing sources (e.g., establishing a time line or schedule for research, independently identifying places to find sources).
Generate resourceEstablishing criteria for the quality and quantity of information needed, including primary and secondary sources.
Generate resource<ul><li>Referring to and following a detailed plan for a complex inquiry (e.g., conduct an inquiry into the several causes of WWI).</li> <li>Locating relevant materials such as print, electronic, and human resources.</li> <li>Applying criteria from the plan to analyze the quality and quantity of and corroborate the information gathered (e.g., citing multiple sources to verify evidence).</li> <li>Describing evidence and recording observations using notecards, videotape, tape recorders, journals, or databases.</li> <li>Revising research plan and locating additional materials and/or information, as needed.</li> <li>Citing sources.</li></ul>
Generate resource<ul><li>Organizing and displaying information in a manner appropriate to the research statement through maps, graphs, charts, tables, narratives, timelines, models, simulations, or dramatizations (e.g., creating a line graph from tabular data in order to convey economic trends). </li> <li>Determining the validity and reliability of the document or information in relation to an analysis of the hypothesis (e.g., "How good is my hypothesis based on the reliable information I've gathered?").</li> <li>Choosing and using appropriate methods for interpreting information, such as comparing and contrasting, summarizing, illustrating, generalizing, sequencing, synthesizing, analyzing, inferring, deducing, and/or justifying.</li> <li>Revising explanation as necessary based on personal reflection, peer critique, expert opinion, etc.</li></ul>
Generate resource<ul><li>Predicting and/or recommending how conclusions can be applied to other civic, economic or social issues. </li> <li>Using research results to support or refute the original research statement.</li> <li>Proposing solutions to problems based on findings, and asking additional questions.</li> <li>Identifying problems or flaws with the research process and suggesting improvements (e.g., evaluating the limitations of some sources).</li> <li>Proposing further investigations.</li></ul>
Generate resource<ul><li>Developing and giving oral, written, or visual presentations for various audiences.</li> <li>Soliciting and responding to feedback.</li> <li>Pointing out possibilities for continued or further research.</li></ul>
Generate resourceIdentifying why certain events are considered pivotal and how they cause us to reorder time (e.g., Muhammad's call to prophecy, the collapse of the Soviet Union).
Generate resourceExplaining transitions between eras that occurred over time as well as those that occurred as a result of a pivotal event, and evaluating the effects of these transitions (e.g., What factors led to various democratic revolutions? What have been the long-term effects of these revolutions?).
Generate resourceExplaining why certain key events remain the historic consciousness and others do not (e.g., the role of Pilgrims in 1628).
Generate resourceMaking predictions, decisions, or taking a public stand on a defensible position based on an understanding of the past and present.
Generate resourceUnderstanding a variety of calendars (e.g., Islamic, Jewish, Chinese) and reasons for their organizational structures (e.g., political, historic, religious).
Generate resourceMeasuring and calculating calendar time by days, weeks, months, years, decades, centuries, and millennia.
Generate resourceIdentifying how different cultures organize time according to key historical events (e.g., independence days, commemoration of past).
Generate resourceLocating relevant data for constructing a time line, and constructing time lines of significant historical developments in the nation and world, designating appropriate equidistant intervals of time and recording events according to the order in which they occurred.
Generate resourceAnalyzing and synthesizing similar and dissimilar spatial patterns using geographic resources (e.g., examining levels of AIDS infection in relation to population density and literacy).
Generate resourceUsing a variety of grid systems to locate places on maps and globes (e.g., UTM or Public Land Survey Systems).
Generate resourceIdentifying, utilizing, and evaluating appropriate maps for specific purposes (e.g., choosing resource allocation maps in order to investigate oil distribution).
Generate resourceInterpreting and analyzing a variety of effective representations of the earth such as maps, globes, and photographs and project future changes (e.g., analyzing maps to determine how population density has changed and will change).
Generate resourceAnalyzing how technological and environmental changes impact settlement patterns over time (e.g., using tables and maps to show the distribution of refugees from areas affected by natural disasters).
Generate resourcePredicting areas of the world that will increase in future importance and giving reasons to support this prediction.
Generate resourceLocating the physical, political, and cultural regions the United States and the world; hypothesizing the effects of current trends on these regions (e.g., the dominance of English as an international language).
Generate resourceObserving, comparing, and analyzing patterns of national, and global land use over time (e.g., agriculture, forestry, industry) to understand why particular locations are used for certain human activities; speculating as to which areas might be used in the future and the impact of that usage.
Generate resourceIdentifying characteristics of states, countries, and continents; synthesizing and evaluating characteristics of various areas in relation to a particular variable (e.g., quality of life, economic opportunity, desirability).
Generate resourceUsing information to analyze and evaluate the impact of current voluntary and involuntary migration patterns in the U.S. and world (ex: census data).
Generate resourceAnalyzing multiple factors in the interaction of humans and the environment (e.g., analyzing mediating factors that influence the relationship between population distribution and environmental change).
Generate resourceAnalyzing different viewpoints regarding resource use in the U.S. and world; expressing and supporting one's personal viewpoint (e.g., after debating the causes and/or existence of global warming, expressing one's opinion).
Generate resourceGenerating information related to the impact of human activities on the physical environment in the local, state, national, or global community in order to draw conclusions and recommend actions (e.g., using charts and graphs to analyze the effects of overfishing along the coast of North America or the Philippine archipelago).
Generate resourceDescribing and analyzing how human activity and technology currently impact the environment in the U.S. and world, and speculating the impact in the future if current trends continue.
Generate resourceAnalyzing and evaluating ways in which culture in the United States and the world has changed and may change in the future (e.g., how might the spread of Islam change American culture in the future?).
Generate resourceAnalyzing how location and spatial patterns influence the spread of cultural traits (e.g., comparing clothing, food, religion/values, government, and art across four ancient cultures in relation to location); analyzing the means by which various cultural groups try to retain their cultural identity.
Generate resourceAnalyzing the contributions of various cultural groups to the world, both past and present, including immigrants and native peoples; hypothesizing about the impact of the globalization of culture.
Generate resourceAnalyzing and evaluating the impact of expressions of culture in Vermont, the U.S., and the world through analysis of various modes of expression such as poems, songs, dances, stories, paintings, and photographs (e.g., analyzing the influence of black slave culture on subsequent generations of African Americans).
Generate resourceEstablishing rules and/or policies for a group, school, or community, and defending them (e.g., senior privileges, curfews).
Generate resourceAnalyzing how identity stems from beliefs in and allegiance to shared political values and principles, and how these are similar and different to other peoples (e.g. nation building in regions with disparate cultures).
Generate resourceIllustrating how individuals and groups have brought about change locally, nationally, or internationally (e.g., research the far-reaching effects of Mohandas Ghandi's beliefs and actions).
Generate resourceAnalyzing ways in which political parties, campaigns, and elections encourage and discourage citizens to participate in the political process (e.g., voter registration drives, use of the Internet, negative campaign ads).
Generate resourceExplaining, critically evaluating, and defending views that are not one's own.
Generate resourceExplaining and defending one's own point of view on issues that affect themselves and society, using information gained from reputable sources (e.g. stem cell research, health care issues, federal budget allocations).
Generate resourceIdentifying problems, proposing solutions, considering the effects of and implementing a course of action in the local community, state, nation, or world.
Generate resourceDemonstrating positive interaction with group members (e.g., working with a group to draft legislation).
Generate resourceAnalyzing impacts of people's actions as members of a global community (e.g., the Kyoto Agreement).
Generate resourceDiscussing why people want to become citizens of the U.S. and/or another country (e.g., Why did Americans emigrate to the Soviet Union during the Depression?).
Generate resourceAnalyzing and evaluating the issues related to and criteria for U.S. citizenship, past and present (e.g., analyzing the issues surrounding Japanese citizens during WWII).
Generate resourceAnalyzing and evaluating changes in the interpretation of rights and responsibilities of citizenship over time (e.g., changes in voting age, changes in voting rights for women and African Americans).
Generate resourceDefining and analyzing the process for selecting leaders at state, national and international levels (e.g., analyzing pros and cons of the primary process; debating the necessity of the electoral college).
Generate resourceIdentifying and debating issues surrounding the basic principles of American democracy (e.g., individual rights vs. common good, majority rule vs. protection of minority rights).
Generate resourceComparing and evaluating the basic functions, structures and purposes of governments, both past and present (e.g., democracy vs. dictatorship, internal and external protection).
Generate resourceDescribing how government decisions impact citizens locally, nationally, and internationally.
Generate resourceAnalyzing the principles in key U.S. and international documents and how they apply to their own lives (e.g., Patriot Act, Universal Declaration of Human Rights).
Generate resourceEvaluating how and why rules and laws are created, interpreted, and changed (e.g., evaluating recent decisions by the U.N.).
Generate resourceProposing and defending ways to ease tensions and/or peacefully resolve conflicts (e.g., assimilation/separatism; affirmative action; diplomacy).
Generate resourceExplaining conditions, actions, and motivations that contribute to conflict within and among individuals, communities, and nations (e.g., economic conditions, religious beliefs, political repression).
Generate resourceAnalyzing the effectiveness of behaviors that are intended to foster global cooperation among groups and governments (e.g., League of Nations, nation building, coalition to fight terrorism).
Generate resourceAnalyzing the impact of interdependence among states and nations (e.g., OPEC, NAFTA).
Generate resourceDescribing how diversity contributes to change over time (e.g., how population shifts impact politics, whites becoming a minority in the U.S., interracial marriage).
Generate resourceEvaluating the impact of differences and similarities among people that arise from factors such as cultural, ethnic, racial, economic, and religious diversity, and describe their costs and benefits (e.g., affirmative action).
Generate resourceAfter examining issues from more than one perspective, defining and defending the rights and needs of others in the community, nation, and world (e.g., gay rights, environmental protection, privatization of government).
Generate resourceEvaluating the significance of governmental and nongovernmental international organizations (e.g., World Health Organization, Doctors Without Borders, International Atomic Energy Agency, IMF).
Generate resourceAnalyzing how shared values and beliefs can create or maintain a subculture and/or counterculture (e.g., the Ku Klux Klan, Goths, Hippies).
Generate resourceAnalyzing the impact of a current or historic issue related to human rights, and explaining how the values of the time or place influenced the issue (e.g. Guantanamo, land mines, invasion of Iraq).
Generate resourceAnalyzing points of conflict between different political ideologies (e.g., creation of party platforms).
Generate resourceAnalyzing and evaluating why groups of people or individuals have accessed or were denied justice. (e.g., utilizing contemporary and current primary and secondary sources to determine how perspectives on the Nisei have changed).
Generate resourceDrawing conclusions about how choices within various economic systems affect the environment in the state, nation, and/or world (e.g., mixed, command, and market economies).
Generate resourceExamining how producers in the U.S. and/or world have used natural, human, and capital resources to produce goods and services and comparing and contrasting the findings (e.g., compare the use of the labor supply in different countries).
Generate resourceExplaining patterns and networks of economic interdependence that exist nationally and globally (e.g., currency, stock market, world trade).
Generate resourceRecognizing that world events and the strength of currencies affects services and prices (e.g., September 11, 2001 and its effect on the stock market).
Generate resourceRecognizing that regional economic unions around the world create their own currency for use as money (e.g., the switch from multiple currencies to the Euro).
Generate resourceExplaining the global relationship between taxation and governmental goods and services (e.g., exploring the benefits and tradeoffs of foreign aid).
Generate resourceEvaluating and debating the ideological underpinnings of government and economic programs (e.g., how much welfare should governments provide, and on what bases do various governments make these decisions?).
Generate resourceIdentifying and comparing goods and services provided by local, state, national, and international governmental and/or nongovernmental organizations (e.g., researching and debating socialized medicine vs. private healthcare; investigating the role of the International Monetary Fund).
Generate resourceDemonstrating understanding of patterns and interdependence locally, nationally, and globally that are involved in the production of a product or service (e.g., supply and demand).
Generate resourceAnalyzing the impact of media, time, and place on buying and saving (e.g., advertising, current events).
Generate resourceDeveloping strategies for earning and spending utilizing a system of accounting (e.g., creating a budget).
Generate resourceExamining the causes and long term effects of people's needs and/or wants exceeding their available resources, and proposing possible solutions (e.g., distribution and use of fresh water).
Generate resourceUsing economic terms to analyze and interpret global economic issues and problems (e.g., Should there be debt relief for economically unstable countries?).
Generate resourcePredicting possible outcomes of current world events, and supporting these predictions.
Generate resourceAssessing how lifestyles and values have undergone dramatic changes in the U.S. and world (e.g., comparing life in China under the early imperial dynasties to present -day life, and assessing the degree of similarity and difference).
Generate resourceExplaining historical origins of key ideas and concepts (e.g., Enlightenment, Manifest Destiny, religious and governmental philosophies) and how they are reinterpreted over time.
Generate resourceUsing technology to interpret history (e.g., using technology to access and interpret historical data ).
Generate resourceRecognizing media bias in the interpretation of world events, past and present (e.g., World War II propaganda).
Generate resourceEvaluating the credibility of differing accounts of the same event(s), and recognizing any existing bias in their own writing about historical events (e.g., comparing accounts of an event in history textbook written in the early 1900s to the same account described in a more recent history text).
Generate resourceReading and interpreting historic maps, and evaluating bias in these maps (e.g., size of African on European-made maps).
Generate resourceLocating appropriate primary and secondary sources in order to find evidence to support his or her hypothesis.
Generate resourceGrades 9, 10, 11, 12
Develop a model based on evidence to illustrate the life span of the sun and the role of nuclear fusion in the sun's core to release energy that eventually reaches Earth in the form of radiation.
Generate resourceConstruct an explanation of the Big Bang theory based on astronomical evidence of light spectra, motion of distant galaxies, and composition of matter in the universe.
Generate resourceCommunicate scientific ideas about the way stars, over their life cycle, produce elements.
Generate resourceUse mathematical or computational representations to predict the motion of orbiting objects in the solar system.
Generate resourceEvaluate evidence of the past and current movements of continental and oceanic crust and the theory of plate tectonics to explain the ages of crustal rocks.
Generate resourceApply scientific reasoning and evidence from ancient Earth materials, meteorites, and other planetary surfaces to construct an account of Earth's formation and early history.
Generate resourceDevelop a model to illustrate how Earth's internal and surface processes operate at different spatial and temporal scales to form continental and ocean-floor features.
Generate resourceAnalyze geoscience data to make the claim that one change to Earth's surface can create feedbacks that cause changes to other Earth systems.
Generate resourceDevelop a model based on evidence of Earth's interior to describe the cycling of matter by thermal convection.
Generate resourceUse a model to describe how variations in the flow of energy into and out of Earth systems result in changes in climate.
Generate resourcePlan and conduct an investigation of the properties of water and its effects on Earth materials and surface processes.
Generate resourceDevelop a quantitative model to describe the cycling of carbon among the hydrosphere, atmosphere, geosphere, and biosphere.
Generate resourceConstruct an argument based on evidence about the simultaneous coevolution of Earth systems and life on Earth.
Generate resourceConstruct an explanation based on evidence for how the availability of natural resources, occurrence of natural hazards, and changes in climate have influenced human activity.
Generate resourceEvaluate competing design solutions for developing, managing, and utilizing energy and mineral resources based on cost-benefit ratios.
Generate resourceCreate a computational simulation to illustrate the relationships among management of natural resources, the sustainability of human populations, and biodiversity.
Generate resourceEvaluate or refine a technological solution that reduces impacts of human activities on natural systems.
Generate resourceAnalyze geoscience data and the results from global climate models to make an evidence-based forecast of the current rate of global or regional climate change and associated future impacts to Earth systems.
Generate resourceUse a computational representation to illustrate the relationships among Earth systems and how those relationships are being modified due to human activity.
Generate resourceAnalyze a major global challenge to specify qualitative and quantitative criteria and constraints for solutions that account for societal needs and wants.
Generate resourceDesign a solution to a complex real-world problem by breaking it down into smaller, more manageable problems that can be solved through engineering.
Generate resourceEvaluate a solution to a complex real-world problem based on prioritized criteria and trade-offs that account for a range of constraints, including cost, safety, reliability, and aesthetics, as well as possible social, cultural, and environmental impacts.
Generate resourceUse a computer simulation to model the impact of proposed solutions to a complex real-world problem with numerous criteria and constraints on interactions within and between systems relevant to the problem.
Generate resourceConstruct an explanation based on evidence for how the structure of DNA determines the structure of proteins which carry out the essential functions of life through systems of specialized cells.
Generate resourceDevelop and use a model to illustrate the hierarchical organization of interacting systems that provide specific functions within multicellular organisms.
Generate resourcePlan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that feedback mechanisms maintain homeostasis.
Generate resourceUse a model to illustrate the role of cellular division (mitosis) and differentiation in producing and maintaining complex organisms.
Generate resourceUse a model to illustrate how photosynthesis transforms light energy into stored chemical energy.
Generate resourceConstruct and revise an explanation based on evidence for how carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen from sugar molecules may combine with other elements to form amino acids and/or other large carbon-based molecules.
Generate resourceUse a model to illustrate that cellular respiration is a chemical process whereby the bonds of food molecules and oxygen molecules are broken and the bonds in new compounds are formed resulting in a net transfer of energy.
Generate resourceUse mathematical and/or computational representations to support explanations of factors that affect carrying capacity of ecosystems at different scales.
Generate resourceUse mathematical representations to support and revise explanations based on evidence about factors affecting biodiversity and populations in ecosystems of different scales.
Generate resourceConstruct and revise an explanation based on evidence for the cycling of matter and flow of energy in aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
Generate resourceUse a mathematical representation to support claims for the cycling of matter and flow of energy among organisms in an ecosystem.
Generate resourceDevelop a model to illustrate the role of photosynthesis and cellular respiration in the cycling of carbon among the biosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere.
Generate resourceEvaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning that the complex interactions in ecosystems maintain relatively consistent numbers and types of organisms in stable conditions, but changing conditions may result in a new ecosystem.
Generate resourceDesign, evaluate, and refine a solution for reducing the impacts of human activities on the environment and biodiversity.
Generate resourceEvaluate the evidence for the role of group behavior on individual and species' chances to survive and reproduce.
Generate resourceAsk questions to clarify relationships about the role of DNA and chromosomes in coding the instructions for characteristic traits passed from parents to offspring.
Generate resourceMake and defend a claim based on evidence that inheritable genetic variations may result from: (1) new genetic combinations through meiosis, (2) viable errors occurring during replication, and/or (3) mutations caused by environmental factors.
Generate resourceApply concepts of statistics and probability to explain the variation and distribution of expressed traits in a population.
Generate resourceCommunicate scientific information that common ancestry and biological evolution are supported by multiple lines of empirical evidence.
Generate resourceConstruct an explanation based on evidence that the process of evolution primarily results from four factors: (1) the potential for a species to increase in number, (2) the heritable genetic variation of individuals in a species due to mutation and sexual reproduction, (3) competition for limited resources, and (4) the proliferation of those organisms that are better able to survive and reproduce in the environment.
Generate resourceApply concepts of statistics and probability to support explanations that organisms with an advantageous heritable trait tend to increase in proportion to organisms lacking this trait.
Generate resourceConstruct an explanation based on evidence for how natural selection leads to adaptation of populations.
Generate resourceEvaluate the evidence supporting claims that changes in environmental conditions may result in: (1) increases in the number of individuals of some species, (2) the emergence of new species over time, and (3) the extinction of other species.
Generate resourceCreate or revise a simulation to test a solution to mitigate adverse impacts of human activity on biodiversity.
Generate resourceUse the periodic table as a model to predict the relative properties of elements based on the patterns of electrons in the outermost energy level of atoms.
Generate resourceConstruct and revise an explanation for the outcome of a simple chemical reaction based on the outermost electron states of atoms, trends in the periodic table, and knowledge of the patterns of chemical properties.
Generate resourcePlan and conduct an investigation to gather evidence to compare the structure of substances at the bulk scale to infer the strength of electrical forces between particles.
Generate resourceDevelop a model to illustrate that the release or absorption of energy from a chemical reaction system depends upon the changes in total bond energy.
Generate resourceApply scientific principles and evidence to provide an explanation about the effects of changing the temperature or concentration of the reacting particles on the rate at which a reaction occurs.
Generate resourceRefine the design of a chemical system by specifying a change in conditions that would produce increased amounts of products at equilibrium.
Generate resourceUse mathematical representations to support the claim that atoms, and therefore mass, are conserved during a chemical reaction.
Generate resourceDevelop models to illustrate the changes in the composition of the nucleus of the atom and the energy released during the processes of fission, fusion, and radioactive decay.
Generate resourceAnalyze data to support the claim that Newton's second law of motion describes the mathematical relationship among the net force on a macroscopic object, its mass, and its acceleration.
Generate resourceUse mathematical representations to support the claim that the total momentum of a system of objects is conserved when there is no net force on the system.
Generate resourceApply scientific and engineering ideas to design, evaluate, and refine a device that minimizes the force on a macroscopic object during a collision.
Generate resourceUse mathematical representations of Newton's Law of Gravitation and Coulomb's Law to describe and predict the gravitational and electrostatic forces between objects.
Generate resourcePlan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that an electric current can produce a magnetic field and that a changing magnetic field can produce an electric current.
Generate resourceCommunicate scientific and technical information about why the molecular-level structure is important in the functioning of designed materials.
Generate resourceCreate a computational model to calculate the change in the energy of one component in a system when the change in energy of the other component(s) and energy flows in and out of the system are known.
Generate resourceDevelop and use models to illustrate that energy at the macroscopic scale can be accounted for as either motions of particles or energy stored in fields.
Generate resourceDesign, build, and refine a device that works within given constraints to convert one form of energy into another form of energy.
Generate resourcePlan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that the transfer of thermal energy when two components of different temperature are combined within a closed system results in a more uniform energy distribution among the components in the system (second law of thermodynamics).
Generate resourceDevelop and use a model of two objects interacting through electric or magnetic fields to illustrate the forces between objects and the changes in energy of the objects due to the interaction.
Generate resourceUse mathematical representations to support a claim regarding relationships among the frequency, wavelength, and speed of waves traveling in various media.
Generate resourceEvaluate questions about the advantages of using a digital transmission and storage of information.
Generate resourceEvaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning behind the idea that electromagnetic radiation can be described either by a wave model or a particle model, and that for some situations one model is more useful than the other.
Generate resourceEvaluate the validity and reliability of claims in published materials of the effects that different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation have when absorbed by matter.
Generate resourceCommunicate technical information about how some technological devices use the principles of wave behavior and wave interactions with matter to transmit and capture information and energy.
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